Monarch migration is a relay across generations. Butterflies moving north reproduce along the way, while a later generation makes the long southward journey to overwintering areas.
A compass in a tiny body
Monarchs use the sun and an internal clock to maintain direction. Other environmental cues also help shape movement.
Milkweed begins the story
Monarch caterpillars depend on milkweed. Adult butterflies also need nectar-rich flowers across the migration route.
Conservation is a connected task
Protecting overwintering forests alone is not enough. Habitat must remain available across breeding grounds, migration corridors, and stopover sites.